LINKING WORDS – LIÊN TỪ (PART 1)

I/ LIÊN TỪ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ (result)

1. SO + adj/adv + THAT + clause
SUCH + noun + THAT + clause (trong văn nói có thể lược bỏ THAT)
Ex:
– He was SO tired THAT he went to bed early.
– It was SUCH a difficult exam (THAT) he knew he wouldn’t pass it.

2. SO + clause
Ex:
– It was late, SO he decided to take a taxi home.

3. AS A RESULT, CONSEQUENTLY có thể dùng để mở đầu câu.
AND, AS A RESULT được dùng để nối 2 mệnh đề trong một câu.
Ex:
– We have invested too much money in this project. CONSEQUENTLY, we are in financial difficulties.
– His wife left him, AND/AS A RESULT, he became very depressed.

4. THEREFORE thường được dùng ở giữa câu (ngoài ra cũng có thể dùng ở đầu hoặc cuối câu)
Ex:
– We feel, THEREFORE, that a decision must be made.

II/ LIÊN TỪ CHỈ LÝ DO (reason)

1. SINCE/AS/SEEING THAT + clause (đứng trước mệnh đề chính)
Ex:
– SEEING THAT/SINCE/AS we arrived late, all the best seats had been taken.

2. BECAUSE + clause (đứng sau mệnh đề chính)
Ex:
– We couldn’t find a good seat BECAUSE all the best ones had been taken.

3. BECAUSE OF/AS A RESULT OF/OWING TO/DUE TO + noun/noun phrase.
Ex:
– We were unable to go by train BECAUSE OF the rail strike.
– Many of the deaths of older people are DUE TO heart attacks.
I/ LIÊN TỪ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ (result)

1. SO + adj/adv + THAT + clause
SUCH + noun + THAT + clause (trong văn nói có thể lược bỏ THAT)
Ex:
– He was SO tired THAT he went to bed early.
– It was SUCH a difficult exam (THAT) he knew he wouldn’t pass it.

2. SO + clause
Ex:
– It was late, SO he decided to take a taxi home.

3. AS A RESULT, CONSEQUENTLY có thể dùng để mở đầu câu.
AND, AS A RESULT được dùng để nối 2 mệnh đề trong một câu.
Ex:
– We have invested too much money in this project. CONSEQUENTLY, we are in financial difficulties.
– His wife left him, AND/AS A RESULT, he became very depressed.

4. THEREFORE thường được dùng ở giữa câu (ngoài ra cũng có thể dùng ở đầu hoặc cuối câu)
Ex:
– We feel, THEREFORE, that a decision must be made.

II/ LIÊN TỪ CHỈ LÝ DO (reason)

1. SINCE/AS/SEEING THAT + clause (đứng trước mệnh đề chính)
Ex:
– SEEING THAT/SINCE/AS we arrived late, all the best seats had been taken.

2. BECAUSE + clause (đứng sau mệnh đề chính)
Ex:
– We couldn’t find a good seat BECAUSE all the best ones had been taken.

3. BECAUSE OF/AS A RESULT OF/OWING TO/DUE TO + noun/noun phrase.
Ex:
– We were unable to go by train BECAUSE OF the rail strike.
– Many of the deaths of older people are DUE TO heart attacks.